The Potential of Underutilized Plant Resources and Agricultural Wastes for Enhancing Biodiesel Stability: The Role of Phenolic-Rich Natural Antioxidants

Growing concerns about energy security and environmental sustainability have fueled demand for sustainable renewable sources in recent years. Biodiesel, a alternative to conventional fuels, has gained significant attention as potential source of energy. However, the stability biodiesel during storage its susceptibility oxidation remain major challenges. To address these issues, researchers turned their focus utilization natural antioxidants. Studies on antioxidants, particularly those made from waste, such food, been extensively conducted. there are still some restrictions, inconsistency quality, development microbes, difficulties with regulations, all which an impact phenolic contents. Phenolic compounds known excellent antioxidant properties ability inhibit process. The review provides overview various underutilized plant resources agricultural wastes that rich contents demonstrate higher activities, Vitex doniana, Uapaca kirkiana, Parinari curatellifolia, Tamarindus indica L, fruit peels, crop residues. It discusses extraction methods employed obtain antioxidants highlights activities. Additionally, examines effects key parameters, including induction period, peroxide value, acid viscosity. concluded by highlighting phenolic-rich enhancing stability. According literatures, present can chelate metal ions, scavenge free radicals, break chain reactions, thereby preventing degradation biodiesel. Moreover, limitation use stabilization like instability at high temperatures highlighted.